{"id":97,"date":"2014-02-09T20:31:10","date_gmt":"2014-02-09T19:31:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/?page_id=97"},"modified":"2017-01-26T15:28:12","modified_gmt":"2017-01-26T14:28:12","slug":"ochrana-a-pece","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/ochrana-a-pece\/","title":{"rendered":"Ochrana a p\u00e9\u010de"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem bylo z\u00a0ekonomick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f opou\u0161t\u011bno postupn\u011b ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed. Posledn\u00ed pa\u0159eziny pak byly p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bny na les vysok\u00fd po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Pokud se tak d\u011blo vyjednocov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch kmen\u016f, byly v\u00fdsledkem tzv. neprav\u00e9 kmenoviny. Tyto porosty se dnes dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do m\u00fdtn\u00e9ho v\u011bku a hroz\u00ed akutn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch desetilet\u00ed tento fenom\u00e9n zcela vymiz\u00ed z\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 krajiny.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy nejsou spole\u010denstva, kter\u00e1 by \u0161lo konzervovat a chr\u00e1nit bezz\u00e1sahov\u00fdm re\u017eimem. Jsou typick\u00fdmi spole\u010denstvy spoluvytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00fdmi \u010dinnost\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka a silami p\u0159\u00edrody. Bez opakovan\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch kmen\u016f v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 polykormony postupn\u011b st\u00e1rnou a usychaj\u00ed. Usychaj\u00edc\u00ed star\u00fd strom v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu zmlazuje samovoln\u011b vegetativn\u011b jen v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b. \u00a0V\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech se v\u0161ak objevuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, kter\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee i star\u00e9 stromy v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, kdy\u017e se pok\u00e1cej\u00ed, neztr\u00e1cej\u00ed schopnost znovu vytv\u00e1\u0159et v\u00fdmladky. Matula et al. (2012) zjistili 61,1% schopnost pa\u0159ez\u016f obr\u00e1\u017eet u dubu zimn\u00edho, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 100% u l\u00edpy malolist\u00e9 a 93,8% u habru obecn\u00e9ho v\u00a090let\u00e9m porostu. Schopnost vytv\u00e1\u0159et v\u00fdmladky se podle autor\u016f studie sni\u017euje s\u00a0rostouc\u00edm obvodem pa\u0159ezu, u dubu kles\u00e1 pod 40 % u obvodu 80 cm, ale naopak s\u00a0obvodem pa\u0159ezu roste po\u010det v\u00fdmladk\u016f. Kuli\u010dkov\u00e1 (2016) vytvo\u0159ila na z\u00e1klad\u011b vlastn\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch dat model pravd\u011bpodobnosti pa\u0159ezov\u00e9 v\u00fdmladnosti podle v\u011bku, z\u00a0kter\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 90 % a 65 % \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost vytvo\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdmladk\u016f na pa\u0159ezech strom\u016f 10 a 110 let star\u00fdch, \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost obnovy v\u00fdmladk\u016f v\u0161ak z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje zv\u011b\u0159. Tak\u00e9 Polansk\u00fd (1956) uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee nejl\u00e9pe pa\u0159ezy obr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed pod clonou mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho porostu (73,3 %) a nejh\u016f\u0159e na holin\u011b (49,1 %). Je tedy z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee p\u00e9\u010de o starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zalo\u017eena na\u00a0obnov\u011b i star\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch polykormon\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech je evropsk\u00fdm trendem obnova v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed pod tlakem ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody, kter\u00e1 upozor\u0148uje na obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam t\u011bchto les\u016f pro biodiverzitu \u0159ady ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se cenou palivov\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed a tlakem na energetick\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed obnoviteln\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f se st\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 hospoda\u0159en\u00ed ekonomicky zaj\u00edmavou alternativou i v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed modern\u00ed dob\u011b (Kadav\u00fd et al. 2011). P\u0159istupuje se tedy postupn\u011b ke zp\u011btn\u00fdm p\u0159evod\u016fm na les n\u00edzk\u00fd \u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed, jejich\u017e p\u0159ehled a mo\u017enosti podrobn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed Kadav\u00fd et al. (2011).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00a0praxi m\u016f\u017ee nastat \u0159ada p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0obnov\u011b a p\u00e9\u010di o v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b o jednotliv\u00e9 polykormony diferencovat:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lokalita starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch les\u016f je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed maloplo\u0161n\u00e9ho chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. Zde je mo\u017eno zakomponovat z\u00e1sady p\u00e9\u010de o v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 polykormony, jako\u017e i o evidovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed a kulturn\u011b historick\u00e9 prvky do pl\u00e1nu p\u00e9\u010de o MZCH\u00da, tak aby nebyly v\u00a0kolizi s\u00a0p\u0159edm\u011btem ochrany, pro kter\u00fd bylo chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161eno. Vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00e1nu p\u00e9\u010de o MZCH\u00da platn\u00e9ho na deset let zaji\u0161\u0165uje org\u00e1n ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd k vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, nap\u0159. p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd krajsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b spr\u00e1va CHKO, nach\u00e1z\u00ed-li se rezervace na jej\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lokalita starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch les\u016f je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed velkoplo\u0161n\u00fdch chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed (zejm\u00e9na I. nebo II. z\u00f3ny). Tak\u00e9 pro velkoplo\u0161n\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed se vypracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed pl\u00e1ny p\u00e9\u010de s\u00a0platnost\u00ed na deset let. Spr\u00e1vy n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f a chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch krajinn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed by tedy p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto dokument\u016f m\u011bly db\u00e1t, aby se v\u00a0pl\u00e1nu objevily i z\u00e1sady p\u00e9\u010de o lokality starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch les\u016f<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lokalita starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch les\u016f je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho parku. P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed parky vyhla\u0161uj\u00ed krajsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady a slou\u017e\u00ed zejm\u00e9na k\u00a0uchov\u00e1n\u00ed krajinn\u00e9ho r\u00e1zu. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd v\u00fdskyt lokalit starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch les\u016f rozhodn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u00e9ho krajinn\u00e9ho r\u00e1zu. Pro p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed parky nejsou zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny p\u00e9\u010de<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lokalita starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch les\u016f je vedena jako les ochrann\u00fd. Ochrann\u00e9 lesy se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch. V\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed zde d\u0159\u00edve bylo \u010dasto praktikov\u00e1no a jev\u00ed se i v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch jako vhodn\u00e9, nebo\u0165 nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i obnov\u011b k\u00a0naru\u0161en\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00edho povrchu. O za\u0159azen\u00ed do kategorie les\u016f ochrann\u00fdch rozhoduje org\u00e1n st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy les\u016f na n\u00e1vrh vlastn\u00edka nebo z\u00a0vlastn\u00edho podn\u011btu<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lokalita starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch les\u016f je vedena jako les zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho ur\u010den\u00ed. Do kategorie les\u016f zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho ur\u010den\u00ed jsou mimo jin\u00e9 ze z\u00e1kona \u0159azeny lesy v\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parc\u00edch a n\u00e1rodn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch rezervac\u00edch. Tam, kde ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem na zlep\u0161en\u00ed a ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo jin\u00fd opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd z\u00e1jem na pln\u011bn\u00ed mimoproduk\u010dn\u00edch funkc\u00ed lesa je nad\u0159azen funkc\u00edm produk\u010dn\u00edm, mohou b\u00fdt do kategorie les\u016f zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho ur\u010den\u00ed \u0159azeny tak\u00e9 lokality le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0prvn\u00edch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch krajinn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a lesy v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch rezervac\u00edch a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch pam\u00e1tk\u00e1ch. Vhodnou kategori\u00ed pro pam\u00e1tn\u00e9 pa\u0159eziny se jev\u00ed lesy zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho ur\u010den\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161enou funkc\u00ed p\u016fdoochrannou, vodoochrannou, klimatickou nebo krajinotvornou (\u00a78 odst. 2e) z\u00e1kona 289\/95 Sb. o les\u00edch). Vlastn\u00edk lesa za\u0159azen\u00e9ho do kategorie zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho ur\u010den\u00ed je pak osvobozen od da\u0148ov\u00e9 povinnosti z\u00a0t\u00e9to nemovitosti a m\u016f\u017ee po\u017eadovat i p\u0159\u00edpadnou n\u00e1hradu \u00fajmy. O za\u0159azen\u00ed do kategorie les\u016f zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho ur\u010den\u00ed rozhoduje org\u00e1n st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy les\u016f na n\u00e1vrh vlastn\u00edka nebo z\u00a0vlastn\u00edho podn\u011btu<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lokalita starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch les\u016f je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch les\u016f. Hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch (produk\u010dn\u00edch) les\u00edch se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed lesn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm pl\u00e1nem s\u00a0platnost\u00ed obvykle na 10 let (nebo lesn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou osnovou pro majetky men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 50 ha). Lesn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pl\u00e1n schvaluje org\u00e1n st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy les\u016f, v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu schvalovac\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se k\u00a0pl\u00e1nu mohou vyjad\u0159ovat dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 org\u00e1ny (nap\u0159. org\u00e1ny ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P\u0159i jak\u00fdchkoliv z\u00e1saz\u00edch (obnovn\u00edch, v\u00fdchovn\u00fdch) na lokalit\u00e1ch pam\u00e1tn\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin vedouc\u00edch k\u00a0obnov\u011b v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed je t\u0159eba db\u00e1t na ochranu jejich kulturn\u011b-historick\u00fdch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt t\u011b\u017ebou, dopravou d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, ani jin\u00fdmi z\u00e1sahy po\u0161kozeny \u010di naru\u0161eny. Je proto t\u0159eba na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdsledk\u016f podrobn\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed lokality pe\u010dliv\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobit lesnick\u00e9 technologie, zejm\u00e9na pl\u00e1novat sm\u011br t\u011b\u017eby strom\u016f, zp\u016fsob sortimentace, vyklizov\u00e1n\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b trasov\u00e1n\u00ed vyklizovac\u00edch linek). V\u00a0nezbytn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech bude t\u0159eba u n\u011bkter\u00fdch prvk\u016f p\u0159istoupit i k\u00a0technick\u00e9 ochran\u011b vedouc\u00ed k\u00a0zamezen\u00ed jejich p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1sady p\u00e9\u010de o lokality pam\u00e1tn\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Nutn\u00fd je podrobn\u00fd pr\u016fzkum lokality pam\u00e1tn\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Je t\u0159eba rozhodnout o n\u00e1vratu (p\u0159evodu) na n\u00edzk\u00fd \u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed tvar lesa v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee lokalita je vedena jako les vysok\u00fd (v\u011bt\u0161ina neprav\u00fdch kmenovin), p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zachovat kontinuitu n\u00edzk\u00e9ho \u010di st\u0159edn\u00edho lesa<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fdchovn\u00fdch a obnovn\u00fdch z\u00e1sah\u016f db\u00e1t na ochranu evidovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch a kulturn\u011b-historick\u00fdch prvk\u016f, z\u00e1sahy prov\u00e1d\u011bt v\u00a0zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat zachoval\u00fdm v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdm polykormon\u016fm, kter\u00e9 je vhodn\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1sit za pam\u00e1tn\u00e9 stromy \u010di jejich skupiny, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00ed (arboristickou) p\u00e9\u010di o nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jedince. Obnova starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch polykormon\u016f, z\u00a0nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt v\u00edce ne\u017e 800 let star\u00e9 (Trochta et al. 2015), je naprosto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1. Je zcela nezbytn\u00e9 nejprve prokazateln\u011b zjistit, zda je obnova takov\u00fdchto cenn\u00fdch prastar\u00fdch jedinc\u016f v\u016fbec mo\u017en\u00e1, za jak\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a s\u00a0jak\u00fdm rizikem. P\u0159esto\u017ee pr\u00e1ce (Matula 2012; Kuli\u010dkov\u00e1 2016; Polansk\u00fd 1956) zmi\u0148uj\u00ed relativn\u011b vysokou \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost vegetativn\u00edho zmlazov\u00e1n\u00ed pa\u0159ez\u016f strom\u016f i v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 let star\u00fdch, obnovou p\u0159est\u00e1rl\u00fdch polykormon\u016f se dosud nikdo detailn\u011b nezab\u00fdval. Podle dosavadn\u00edch znalost\u00ed bude obnova \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pod clonou mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho porostu (clonn\u00e1 se\u010d). Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdmladky zpo\u010d\u00e1tku rostou rychleji, ne\u017e generativn\u00ed zmlazen\u00ed, ale zhruba za 5 let bude pot\u0159eba v\u00fdmladky z\u00a0\u010dasto velmi hust\u00e9ho generativn\u00edho zmlazen\u00ed uvol\u0148ovat, aby nedo\u0161lo k\u00a0jejich p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9mu zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vitality. Nezbytn\u00e9 se tak\u00e9 jev\u00ed oplocen\u00ed a jeho d\u016fsledn\u00e1 kontrola, jako ochrana proti okusu zv\u011b\u0159\u00ed<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Podobn\u00e1 je situace s\u00a0hlavat\u00fdmi a hrani\u010dn\u00edmi stromy (\u010dasto jsou oba typy spojeny). Hlavat\u00e9 stromy je mo\u017eno omlazovat radik\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159ezem siln\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na hlav\u011b za sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho uvoln\u011bn\u00ed stromu, aby m\u011bly nov\u00e9 pr\u00fdty dostatek sv\u011btla. Hrani\u010dn\u00ed stromy je pot\u0159eba v\u010das, t\u0159eba i generativn\u011b (pokud se nejedn\u00e1 o v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 polykormony) obnovovat, aby a\u017e star\u00fd strom do\u017eije, byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna n\u00e1hrada<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00fdstavky jsou stromy minim\u00e1ln\u011b o generaci star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e hlavn\u00ed patro, v\u011bt\u0161inou indikuj\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed les, p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch zp\u011btn\u00fdch p\u0159evodech na st\u0159edn\u00ed les je t\u0159eba ponechat dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00fdstavk\u016f, pokud mo\u017eno r\u016fzn\u00e9ho v\u011bku. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b generativn\u00ed obnovy holou se\u010d\u00ed je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed ponechat na pasece v\u00fdstavky za \u00fa\u010delem podpory p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho zmlazen\u00ed a tyto v\u00fdstavky pot\u00e9 nek\u00e1cet<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Problematika doupn\u00fdch strom\u016f je \u0159e\u0161ena ponech\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm n\u011bkolika strom\u016f k \u00fapln\u00e9mu do\u017eit\u00ed, vlastn\u00edku n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1hrada od org\u00e1nu ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody za zp\u016fsobenou \u00fajmu<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Drobn\u00e9 technick\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky (stud\u00e1nky, sm\u00edr\u010d\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, kapli\u010dky, hrani\u010dn\u00ed kameny) je t\u0159eba individu\u00e1ln\u011b chr\u00e1nit p\u0159i jak\u00fdchkoliv lesnick\u00fdch z\u00e1saz\u00edch, je t\u0159eba sezn\u00e1mit person\u00e1l s\u00a0jejich existenc\u00ed a polohou, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b vyhotovit p\u0159ed\u00e1vac\u00ed protokol p\u0159ed z\u00e1sahem a po p\u0159evzet\u00ed pr\u00e1ce prov\u00e9st kontrolu stavu technick\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Liniov\u00e9 prvky (star\u00e9 cesty, agr\u00e1rn\u00ed valy a p\u0159\u00edkopy, terasy) by tak\u00e9 nem\u011bly b\u00fdt po\u0161kozeny t\u011b\u017ebou a pojezdem lesnick\u00e9 techniky ani v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9m ani v\u00a0pod\u00e9ln\u00e9m profilu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P\u0159i obnov\u011b porost\u016f, kter\u00e9 zasahuj\u00ed do plo\u0161n\u00fdch prvk\u016f, zejm\u00e9na archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165, by se m\u011bly pou\u017eit\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 postupy konzultovat s\u00a0m\u00edstn\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm muzeem \u010di pam\u00e1tkov\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159adem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem bylo z\u00a0ekonomick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f opou\u0161t\u011bno postupn\u011b ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed. Posledn\u00ed pa\u0159eziny pak byly p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bny na les vysok\u00fd po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Pokud se tak d\u011blo vyjednocov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch kmen\u016f, byly v\u00fdsledkem tzv. neprav\u00e9 kmenoviny. Tyto porosty se dnes dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do m\u00fdtn\u00e9ho v\u011bku a hroz\u00ed akutn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch desetilet\u00ed tento fenom\u00e9n &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/ochrana-a-pece\/\" class=\"more-link\">Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8222;Ochrana a p\u00e9\u010de&#8220;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-97","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ochrana a p\u00e9\u010de - Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy, jejich v\u00fdznam a udr\u017eitelnost v\u00a0kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/ochrana-a-pece\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ochrana a p\u00e9\u010de - Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy, jejich v\u00fdznam a udr\u017eitelnost v\u00a0kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem bylo z\u00a0ekonomick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f opou\u0161t\u011bno postupn\u011b ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed. Posledn\u00ed pa\u0159eziny pak byly p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bny na les vysok\u00fd po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Pokud se tak d\u011blo vyjednocov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch kmen\u016f, byly v\u00fdsledkem tzv. neprav\u00e9 kmenoviny. Tyto porosty se dnes dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do m\u00fdtn\u00e9ho v\u011bku a hroz\u00ed akutn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch desetilet\u00ed tento fenom\u00e9n &hellip; Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed &quot;Ochrana a p\u00e9\u010de&quot;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/ochrana-a-pece\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy, jejich v\u00fdznam a udr\u017eitelnost v\u00a0kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-01-26T14:28:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\\\/vymladkovelesy\\\/ochrana-a-pece\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\\\/vymladkovelesy\\\/ochrana-a-pece\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ochrana a p\u00e9\u010de - Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy, jejich v\u00fdznam a udr\u017eitelnost v\u00a0kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\\\/vymladkovelesy\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2014-02-09T19:31:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-01-26T14:28:12+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\\\/vymladkovelesy\\\/ochrana-a-pece\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\\\/vymladkovelesy\\\/ochrana-a-pece\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\\\/vymladkovelesy\\\/ochrana-a-pece\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\u016f\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\\\/vymladkovelesy\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Ochrana a p\u00e9\u010de\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\\\/vymladkovelesy\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\\\/vymladkovelesy\\\/\",\"name\":\"Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy, jejich v\u00fdznam a udr\u017eitelnost v\u00a0kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\\\/vymladkovelesy\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Ochrana a p\u00e9\u010de - Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy, jejich v\u00fdznam a udr\u017eitelnost v\u00a0kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/ochrana-a-pece\/","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ochrana a p\u00e9\u010de - Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy, jejich v\u00fdznam a udr\u017eitelnost v\u00a0kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b","og_description":"Hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem bylo z\u00a0ekonomick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f opou\u0161t\u011bno postupn\u011b ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed. 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