{"id":63,"date":"2014-02-09T20:28:49","date_gmt":"2014-02-09T19:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/?page_id=63"},"modified":"2017-02-01T14:16:28","modified_gmt":"2017-02-01T13:16:28","slug":"hlavate-stromy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/hlavate-stromy\/","title":{"rendered":"Hlavat\u00e9 stromy"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdznamnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch les\u016f, jsou krom\u011b starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch polykormon\u016f, i dal\u0161\u00ed tvary strom\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdsledkem specifick\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f jejich obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00edch po stalet\u00ed (Rackham 2008). Glaves et al. (2009a, 2009b) \u010di Read (2000) popisuj\u00ed celou \u0159adu stromov\u00fdch forem, kter\u00e9 naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed „worked“ nebo „working tree\u201c podle toho, \u017ee jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na pravideln\u00e9 \u010dinnosti \u010dlov\u011bka. Rozli\u0161uj\u00ed „pollards\u201d, \u201ccoppards\u201d, \u201cshredded tree\u201d, \u201cstubs\u201d, \u201cmedusoids\u201d a \u201clayered trees\u201d. V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto n\u00e1zv\u016f nem\u00e1 v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b jednoduch\u00fd ekvivalent, ale pro v\u0161echny je spole\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed schopnost d\u0159evin regenerovat vegetativn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech kmene a koruny.<\/p>\n

<\/a>
Hlavat\u00fd habr v lesn\u00edm celku Martinicko nad \u0160turen\u011bm u Klobouk u Brna<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n

Hlavat\u00e9 stromy odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed term\u00edn\u016fm pollards a coppards, co\u017e jsou tvary strom\u016f zalo\u017een\u00e9 na regeneraci ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch kmene, nikoliv na pa\u0159ezu. Coppards jsou tvary strom\u016f, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed novou korunu na vysok\u00e9m pa\u0159ezu, pollards jsou tvary strom\u016f, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed novou korunu na kmeni zhruba ve v\u00fd\u0161i lidsk\u00e9 postavy.<\/p>\n

Hlavat\u00e9 stromy z\u00edskaly sv\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee p\u0159i pravideln\u00e9m o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btv\u00ed (v relativn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch intervalech jednoho a\u017e n\u011bkolika let) se v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u00edky nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed hojiv\u00fdch pletiv a adventivn\u00edch pupen\u016f vytvo\u0159\u00ed ztlu\u0161t\u011bnina, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipom\u00ednat hlavu na kmeni, k\u00a0\u010demu\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed u hust\u00e9 a tenk\u00e9 v\u011btve napodobuj\u00edc\u00ed vlasy, zejm\u00e9na jsou-li p\u0159evisl\u00e9ho tvaru.<\/p>\n

Schopnost regenerovat p\u0159i opakovan\u00e9m a dlouhodob\u00e9m o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btv\u00ed ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech kmene m\u00e1 jen omezen\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed d\u0159evin. Jako hlavat\u00e9 stromy jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji uv\u00e1d\u011bny vrby (Kasala 2004) a tak\u00e9 jsou nejv\u00edce v\u00a0pov\u011bdom\u00ed d\u00edky zn\u00e1m\u00fdm kresb\u00e1m vodn\u00edka sed\u00edc\u00edho na hlavat\u00e9 vrb\u011b od Josefa Lady. Ojedin\u011ble se ale m\u016f\u017eeme setkat i s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi druhy d\u0159evin, jako je habr obecn\u00fd (Carpinus betulus<\/em>), javor babyka a javor ml\u00e9\u010d (Acer campestre<\/em>, A. platanoides<\/em>), jilmy (Ulmus minor<\/em>, U. laevis<\/em> i U. glabra<\/em>), topol \u010dern\u00fd (Populus nigra<\/em>), l\u00edpy (Tilia cordata<\/em>, T. platyphyllos<\/em>), jasan ztepil\u00fd (Fraxinus excelsior<\/em>). Buk lesn\u00ed (Fagus sylvatica<\/em>) je \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u011bnou d\u0159evinou z\u00a0oblasti mediter\u00e1nu a britsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f (Rozas 2004; Read 2006).<\/p>\n

<\/a>
P\u0159erostl\u00e1 hlavat\u00e1 vrba b\u00edl\u00e1 u Ml\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka u Lednice<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n

Jako hlavat\u00e9 stromy (n\u011bkdy t\u00e9\u017e naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 \u00fahlav\u00e9, babky, hlavatice) byly \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny stromy hrani\u010dn\u00ed a nebo stromy rostouc\u00ed mimo les (Brown & Fisher 2009), nap\u0159\u00edklad na pastvin\u00e1ch s\u00a0roztrou\u0161en\u00fdmi stromy, co\u017e byl v\u00a0minulosti hojn\u00fd typ biotopu, vznikl\u00fd postupn\u011b pastvou v\u00a0lese, kdy pastva znemo\u017enila p\u0159irozenou obnovu d\u0159evin a p\u016fvodn\u00ed zapojen\u00e9 stromov\u00e9 patro postupn\u011b \u0159\u00eddlo. Zbyl\u00e9 stromy pak byly obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1ny o\u0159ezem v\u011btv\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 stromy rostouc\u00ed na b\u0159ez\u00edch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed byly takto \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 takto stromy o\u0159ez\u00e1vali z\u00a0rozmanit\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. V\u00a01-2 let\u00fdch intervalech pro produkci tenk\u00e9ho ohebn\u00e9ho prout\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9ho vyr\u00e1b\u011bli rozmanit\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky (ko\u0161e, vr\u0161e, ploty nebo i p\u0159\u00edbytky) nebo jako letninu pro dobytek. Ve v\u00edcelet\u00fdch intervalech pak v\u011bt\u0161inou na palivo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdznamnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch les\u016f, jsou krom\u011b starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch polykormon\u016f, i dal\u0161\u00ed tvary strom\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdsledkem specifick\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f jejich obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00edch po stalet\u00ed (Rackham 2008). Glaves et al. (2009a, 2009b) \u010di Read (2000) popisuj\u00ed celou \u0159adu stromov\u00fdch forem, kter\u00e9 naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed „worked“ nebo „working tree\u201c podle toho, \u017ee jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na pravideln\u00e9 \u010dinnosti \u010dlov\u011bka. Rozli\u0161uj\u00ed … <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed „Hlavat\u00e9 stromy“<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-63","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nHlavat\u00e9 stromy - Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy, jejich v\u00fdznam a udr\u017eitelnost v\u00a0kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/hlavate-stromy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hlavat\u00e9 stromy - Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy, jejich v\u00fdznam a udr\u017eitelnost v\u00a0kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V\u00fdznamnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch les\u016f, jsou krom\u011b starobyl\u00fdch v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch polykormon\u016f, i dal\u0161\u00ed tvary strom\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdsledkem specifick\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f jejich obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00edch po stalet\u00ed (Rackham 2008). Glaves et al. (2009a, 2009b) \u010di Read (2000) popisuj\u00ed celou \u0159adu stromov\u00fdch forem, kter\u00e9 naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed „worked“ nebo „working tree\u201c podle toho, \u017ee jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na pravideln\u00e9 \u010dinnosti \u010dlov\u011bka. 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