{"id":613,"date":"2017-01-19T13:50:46","date_gmt":"2017-01-19T12:50:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/?page_id=613"},"modified":"2017-02-06T16:33:12","modified_gmt":"2017-02-06T15:33:12","slug":"lp-krivoklatsko","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/lp-krivoklatsko\/","title":{"rendered":"Lesnick\u00fd park K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsko"},"content":{"rendered":"

Historie pa\u0159ezin na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed stopy n\u00edzk\u00fdch les\u016f se v\u00a0historick\u00fdch p\u00edsemnostech objevuj\u00ed ji\u017e v\u00a013. a 14. stolet\u00ed pod r\u016fzn\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy \u2013 chvrasti, porostliny, lesy \u017eiv\u00e9 a podobn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Ze Sme\u010densk\u00e9ho urb\u00e1\u0159e z\u00a0roku 1604 se dov\u00edd\u00e1me, \u017ee \u201etu byly v\u011bt\u0161inou lesy listnat\u00e9 s duby, b\u0159\u00edzami, osikami a buky, mnoho h\u00e1j\u016f bylo v\u0161ak \u010dist\u011b dubov\u00fdch\u201c, kter\u00e9 se \u201esmej\u010dily\u201c v\u00a0period\u00e1ch 16 ti let\u00fdch. Proto v\u00a0nich bylo d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed v\u0161elik\u00e9, ale zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b k\u00a0plotivu a na vobru\u010de pohodln\u00e9\u201c.<\/p>\n

Absence um\u011bl\u00e9 obnovy lesa a zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pa\u0159ezov\u00e9 v\u00fdmladnosti p\u0159isp\u00edvalo k zm\u011bn\u00e1m p\u0159irozen\u00e9 druhov\u00e9 skladby k\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsk\u00fdch les\u016f. D\u0159eviny, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pa\u0159ezovou v\u00fdmladnost, se v\u00edce prosazovaly a naopak. Dobu, za kterou se opakovalo vy\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed porost\u016f, lze z\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu nazvat \u201eobm\u00fdt\u00edm\u201c.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m obm\u00fdt\u00ed 10-12 let z\u00edsk\u00e1valy nadvl\u00e1du ke\u0159e, zejm\u00e9na l\u00edska.<\/p>\n

Del\u0161\u00ed obm\u00fdt\u00ed kolem 20 let prosp\u00edvalo hlavn\u011b habru, dubu i dal\u0161\u00edm listn\u00e1\u010d\u016fm. Listn\u00e1\u010de tak na t\u011bchto ploch\u00e1ch br\u00e1nily p\u0159irozen\u00e9mu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jehli\u010dnan\u016f. Na mnoha stanovi\u0161t\u00edch v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed siln\u011b v\u00fdmladkov\u00fd dub i nad bukem.<\/p>\n

Na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku i po zaveden\u00ed kultury (1780) byly m\u00edsty \u201e\u017eiv\u00e9 lesy\u201c obvykl\u00e9. Pravdomil Svoboda ud\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00a0polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed zauj\u00edmaly n\u00edzk\u00e9 lesy na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku 2% lesn\u00ed plochy.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch les\u016f byla v\u00a0minulosti a je i dnes dubov\u00fdch. Doubravy tak\u00e9 pat\u0159ily k\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm k\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsk\u00fdm porost\u016fm. V\u00fdznam st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch doubrav byl nejen v\u00a0produkci pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho dubov\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, ale i v\u00a0schopnosti poskytovat spadem \u017ealud\u016f \u017e\u00edr pro dobytek a vep\u0159e. Na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku a Zbiro\u017esku byl pak siln\u00fd z\u00e1jem zachovat plod\u00edc\u00ed duby i pro zv\u011b\u0159. Ji\u017e v\u00a0c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch instrukc\u00edch\u00a0 pro spr\u00e1vce nejvy\u0161\u00edho jegrmistrovstv\u00ed v\u00a0kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9m ze 16. stolet\u00ed se na\u0159izuje \u201echr\u00e1niti dubov\u00e9 a bukov\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed pro zv\u011b\u0159\u201c. Bylo tedy t\u0159eba, aby \u010d\u00e1st dub\u016f, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159irozen\u011b obnovovaly jako pa\u0159ezina, do\u017eila do star\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku, kdy za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 plodit. K\u00a0stejn\u00e9mu c\u00edli vedla i pot\u0159eba siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho dubov\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed na stavby nejen na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku. Plavilo se a\u017e do Prahy na stavby dom\u016f i pro \u00fa\u010dely vojensk\u00e9. Siln\u00e9 dubov\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed pot\u0159ebovali sekern\u00edci na stavby ml\u00fdn\u016f, ale i bedn\u00e1\u0159i na v\u00fdrobu sud\u016f a cel\u00e1 \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch \u0159emesel. Nem\u00e1lo dubov\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed se spot\u0159ebovalo na stavby oborn\u00edch plot\u016f.<\/p>\n

Berni\u010dn\u00ed odhad v\u00a0r. 1794 zachycuje stav lesa na konci 18. stolet\u00ed a ze soupisu star\u00fdch doubrav (nad 100 let) se dov\u00edd\u00e1me, \u017ee v\u00a0rev\u00edru Ploskov a L\u00e1ny bylo 885 jiter (1 jitro = 0,575 ha), v\u00a0rev\u00edru D\u0159ev\u00ed\u010d 794, \u0158evni\u010dov 243, Lu\u017en\u00e1 292, Bukov\u00e1 188, Han\u00e1 185, Obora 184, K\u0159ivokl\u00e1t 124, Potepl\u00ed 97, Chy\u0148ava 75, Hracholusky 23, celkov\u011b 3.090 jiter (1.777 ha). Tyto doubravy vznikly p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z\u00a0pa\u0159ezov\u00fdch v\u00fdmladk\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0Kou\u0159imeck\u00e9m rev\u00edru byly v\u00a0roce 1837 doubravy vesm\u011bs na vrcholech. Tak na Velk\u00e9 Ple\u0161i (dne\u0161n\u00ed\u00a0 NPR) 250let\u00e1, ve vrcholech proschl\u00e1 a z\u00a0jedn\u00e9 t\u0159etiny ji\u017e velmi nahnil\u00e1 dubov\u00e1 pa\u0159ezina, na Vysok\u00e9m vrchu, na strm\u00e9m \u00fabo\u010d\u00ed k\u00a0J a JZ, byla 200-250let\u00e1 dubov\u00e1 pa\u0159ezina, s\u00a0proschl\u00fdmi vrcholy a \u010dasto ji\u017e nahnil\u00fdmi kmeny. Doporu\u010duje se zde brzk\u00e9 pora\u017een\u00ed pro nahnilost, proto\u017ee \u010detn\u00e9 pa\u0159ezy zdrav\u00fdch strom\u016f jsou je\u0161t\u011b schopn\u00e9 v\u00fdmladnosti. Porub se m\u011bl proto prov\u00e9st v\u00a0dob\u011b m\u00edzy, p\u0159ed t\u00edm m\u011bl b\u00fdt ale doc\u00edlen podrost, kter\u00fd by pak byl pa\u0159ezov\u00fdmi v\u00fdmladky dob\u0159e chr\u00e1n\u011bn.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0doubrav\u00e1ch v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti \u017eelez\u00e1ren se doporu\u010dovalo obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve tvaru pa\u0159eziny s\u00a0obm\u00fdt\u00edm 50 let, av\u0161ak p\u0159i k\u00e1cen\u00ed s\u00a0ponech\u00e1n\u00edm 15 nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kmen\u016f v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ici (1 m\u011b\u0159ice = 0,19 ha), to znamen\u00e1 cca 75 strom\u016f na 1 ha. To pak vedlo k\u00a0postupn\u00e9mu vznik\u00e1n\u00ed les\u016f sdru\u017een\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0lesnick\u00e9ho hlediska je na t\u011bchto star\u00fdch neprav\u00fdch kmenovin\u00e1ch cenn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na to, \u017ee maj\u00ed sv\u016fj po\u010d\u00e1tek je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem kultury a \u017ee jsou tedy prokazateln\u011b nositeli genofondu p\u016fvodn\u00edch k\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsk\u00fdch doubrav.<\/p>\n

\n

D\u016fvody existence k\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsk\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin v historii<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. V lese se prakticky nehospoda\u0159ilo, pouze se t\u011b\u017eilo – absence um\u011bl\u00e9 obnovy lesa do r. 1780 \u2013 p\u0159irozen\u00fd proces obnovy lesa po proveden\u00fdch t\u011b\u017eb\u00e1ch<\/li>\n
  2. Po\u017eadavky na slab\u00e9 sortimenty (prout\u00ed, ploty, palivo, kol\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 uhl\u00ed, t\u011b\u017eba t\u0159\u00edsla z\u00a0dubov\u00e9 k\u016fry, atd., obm\u00fdtn\u00ed doba se \u0159\u00eddila pr\u00e1v\u011b pot\u0159ebou sortiment\u016f. Tak nap\u0159. ko\u0161\u00edk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 prout\u00ed se se\u0159ez\u00e1valo ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem. P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b ostatn\u00edho prout\u00ed nap\u0159. na vypl\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed plot\u016f, bylo obm\u00fdt\u00ed 3 roky. Siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed na ploty \u2013 12 let. Na ostatn\u00ed sortimenty dle pot\u0159eby od 25 do 50 let<\/li>\n
  3. Ekonomika \u2013 les se obnovoval p\u0159irozen\u011b bez n\u00e1rok\u016f na n\u00e1klady a obnova vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9 biomasy byla pom\u011brn\u011b rychl\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    T\u011b\u017eba v\u00a0pa\u0159ezin\u00e1ch se prov\u00e1d\u011bla z\u00e1sadn\u011b v\u00a0dob\u011b m\u00edzy, aby je\u0161t\u011b do konce vegetace do\u0161lo k\u00a0hojiv\u00fdm proces\u016fm na m\u00edstech \u0159ez\u016f a k aktivaci pupen\u016f. \u0158ezy se d\u011blaly \u0161ikm\u00e9, aby se na nich nedr\u017eela voda a pa\u0159ezy neza\u010daly p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b zahn\u00edvat.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Sou\u010dasnost pa\u0159ezin na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku<\/strong><\/p>\n

    I v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je ale na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku cel\u00e1 \u0159ada porost\u016f, kde je v\u00a0popisu porostu uvedeno \u201eNeprav\u00e1 kmenovina\u201c nebo \u201eV\u00fdmladkov\u00fd p\u016fvod\u201c. V\u011bt\u0161inou je to DB ve v\u011bku 140 let +.<\/p>\n

    U \u010dty\u0159 rev\u00edr\u016f Lesn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy K\u0159ivokl\u00e1t, spadaj\u00edc\u00edch do Lesnick\u00e9ho parku K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsko, je to 33 porost\u016f s\u00a0plochou v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 ha, co\u017e je 3,25% plochy t\u011bchto rev\u00edr\u016f za\u0159azen\u00fdch do LPK. Je ale t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee u mnoha porost\u016f nen\u00ed\u00a0v\u00fdmladkov\u00fd p\u016fvod v\u00a0textov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti uveden.<\/p>\n

    Rev\u00edr Pust\u00e1 se\u010d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4 porosty\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 22,54 ha<\/p>\n

    Rev\u00edr Kou\u0159imec\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 11 porost\u016f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 72,64 ha<\/p>\n

    Rev\u00edr Bu\u0161ohrad\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 8 porost\u016f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 59,81 ha<\/p>\n

    Rev\u00edr Skryje\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 10 porost\u016f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 49,07 ha<\/p>\n

    \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd porost nen\u00ed v\u00a0LHE evidov\u00e1n jako les n\u00edzk\u00fd nebo les sdru\u017een\u00fd. Ve v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti LHP je v\u0161ak uvedena tabulka zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed \u201etvar lesa\u201c, v\u00a0kter\u00e9 je uveden sou\u010det ploch porost\u016f, v\u00a0kter\u00fdch byl dub v\u00a0m\u00fdtn\u00edm v\u011bku ozna\u010den jako \u201eles n\u00edzk\u00fd\u201c. Bylo to provedeno z\u00a0d\u016fvodu, \u017ee duby pa\u0159ezov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu maj\u00ed jinou v\u00fdtvarnici ne\u017e duby semenn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu a p\u0159i sumarizaci hmot vych\u00e1zely nere\u00e1ln\u00e9 z\u00e1soby d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed i nere\u00e1ln\u00e9 zakmen\u011bn\u00ed. Pro duby pa\u0159ezov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu byla proto spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na nov\u00e1 v\u00fdtvarnice, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila z\u00e1soby realit\u011b.<\/p>\n

    V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pa\u0159ezinov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem obnovuj\u00ed ol\u0161ov\u00e9 b\u0159ehov\u00e9 porosty, to znamen\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b zele\u0148, rostouc\u00ed mimo les. Najdeme ale i ol\u0161iny obnovovan\u00e9 a vychov\u00e1van\u00e9 jako pa\u0159eziny i na p\u016fd\u00e1ch ur\u010den\u00fdch k\u00a0pln\u011bn\u00ed funkc\u00ed les\u016f.<\/p>\n

    U ostatn\u00edch listnat\u00fdch d\u0159evin jsou to jen nahodil\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy na pasek\u00e1ch obraz\u00ed pa\u0159ezovou v\u00fdmladnost\u00ed n\u011bkolik jedinc\u016f. Tyto v\u00fdmladky \u017eij\u00ed ze siln\u00e9ho ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a v\u011bt\u0161inou velice rychle odr\u016fstaj\u00ed. A proto\u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 o jedince semenn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, jsou p\u0159i v\u00fdchovn\u00fdch z\u00e1saz\u00edch odstra\u0148ov\u00e1ny. P\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pouze v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy ve sv\u00e9m okol\u00ed nemaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nad\u011bjn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jedinc\u016f a jejich odstran\u011bn\u00edm by vznikla v\u00a0mlad\u00e9m porostu ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed mezera. \u010casto ale sv\u00fdm rychl\u00fdm r\u016fstem p\u0159edb\u011bhnou prvn\u00ed v\u00fdchovn\u00fd z\u00e1sah a mus\u00ed tak z\u016fstat zachov\u00e1ny, aby se v\u00a0porostech nevytv\u00e1\u0159ely um\u011ble mezery.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Inventarizace st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch starobyl\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin na \u00fazem\u00ed LPK<\/strong><\/p>\n

    <\/a>
    Vymezen\u00e9 lokality lesa v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu v LP K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsko (\u010d\u00edsla lokalit odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed \u010d\u00edsl\u016fm v tabulce)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

     <\/p>\n

    <\/a>
    Hodnocen\u00ed vymezen\u00fdch lokalit les\u016f v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu v LP K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsko. V\u00fdskyt prvk\u016f: N \u2013 ne, A \u2013 ano; 1 \u2013 jednotliv\u011b, 2 \u2013 roztrou\u0161en\u011b, 3 \u2013 hojn\u011b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed inventarizace byla provedena na rev\u00edru Kou\u0159imec. P\u0159i inventarizaci byla pou\u017eita metodika (Bu\u010dek, \u010cernu\u0161\u00e1kov\u00e1\u00a0 2014). V\u00a0LHE byly vytipov\u00e1ny porosty se zastoupen\u00edm dubu ve v\u011bku nad 120 let, v\u00a0kter\u00fdch by mohly b\u00fdt potenci\u00e1ln\u011b zbytky star\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin. Postupnou prohl\u00eddkou t\u011bchto porost\u016f bylo zaevidov\u00e1no 12 lokalit, v\u00a0kter\u00fdch se zbytky starobyl\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin zachovaly, a ty byly podrobeny detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prohl\u00eddce. V\u011bk t\u011bchto lokalit se pohybuje okolo 170 let. N\u00e1sledn\u011b byly \u00fadaje o v\u00fdskytu a mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch i historick\u00fdch prvk\u016f zaneseny do tabulky a po\u0159\u00edzena fotodokumentace, v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech navr\u017eena hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by vedla k\u00a0prodlou\u017een\u00ed existence t\u011bchto cenn\u00fdch doklad\u016f o hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0k\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsk\u00fdch les\u00edch. Na zbyl\u00fdch t\u0159ech rev\u00edrech byly pouze vytipov\u00e1ny lokality se zbytky starobyl\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin bez podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pr\u016fzkumu.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 prvky v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9ho lesa \u2013 P\u0158\u00cdRODN\u00cd<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Dendrotelmy <\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 jsou na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. Je to d\u00e1no p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pom\u011brn\u011b suchou oblast\u00ed s\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00fdm objemem sr\u00e1\u017eek a del\u0161\u00edmi periody mezi de\u0161ti. Z\u00a0toho d\u016fvodu rychle vysychaj\u00ed prohlubn\u011b a dutiny, kter\u00e9 by si v\u00a0de\u0161tiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblastech zachovaly vodu nepom\u011brn\u011b d\u00e9le.<\/p>\n

    Doupn\u00e9 stromy<\/strong> \u2013 jsou naopak b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nejen jedinc\u016f v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, ale i jedinc\u016f generativn\u00edho p\u016fvodu. Jedn\u00e1 se o dutiny vydlaban\u00e9 datlovit\u00fdmi pt\u00e1ky, i o p\u0159irozen\u00e9 dutiny a polodutiny vznikl\u00e9 po vyhnil\u00fdch suc\u00edch, odlomen\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00edch apod. Ve starobyl\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin\u00e1ch se nach\u00e1z\u00ed logicky nepom\u011brn\u011b v\u00edc dutin ne\u017e ve vychov\u00e1van\u00fdch porostech.<\/p>\n

    Ekotonov\u00e1 spole\u010denstva okraj\u016f<\/strong> \u2013 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 na okraj\u00edch lesn\u00edch komplex\u016f. Lokality uvnit\u0159 rozlehl\u00fdch les\u016f je nemaj\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed se postupn\u011b jim podobn\u00e9 prvky na okraj\u00edch v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btlin. Okrajov\u00fd efekt se ale periodicky dostavuje i v\u00a0les\u00edch, kde se hospoda\u0159\u00ed pase\u010dn\u011b (na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku pouze n\u00e1se\u010dnou formou, to znamen\u00e1 paseka max. na v\u00fd\u0161ku k\u00e1cen\u00e9ho porostu). Postupn\u011b odr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed obnovn\u00ed prvky maj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00fd okrajov\u00fd efekt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd zejm\u00e9na pro zp\u011bvn\u00e9 ptactvo, mot\u00fdly a dal\u0161\u00ed druhy bezobratl\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

    Hlavat\u00e9 stromy<\/strong> \u2013 se na \u00fazem\u00ed LPK nevyskytuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Prav\u00e9 lesn\u00ed druhy rostlin<\/strong> \u2013 jsou zastoupeny na v\u0161ech lokalit\u00e1ch starobyl\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin. Na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku je to d\u00e1no tis\u00edcilet\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed kontinuitou existence lesn\u00edch porost\u016f, kter\u00e9 nebyly nikdy v\u00a0historii trvale nebo dlouhodob\u011b odlesn\u011bny. Nejsou ale u\u0161et\u0159eny n\u00e1poru invazn\u00edch druh\u016f (net\u00fdkavka malokv\u011bt\u00e1 a dal\u0161\u00ed), kter\u00e9 postupn\u011b zaplavuj\u00ed lesn\u00ed porosty na \u00fazem\u00ed cel\u00e9 \u010cR.<\/p>\n

    Sv\u011btliny<\/strong> \u2013 jsou cenn\u00fdmi prvky starobyl\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin a maj\u00ed periodick\u00fd charakter s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u011b dlouhou periodou. Vznikaj\u00ed odum\u0159en\u00edm star\u00fdch jedinc\u016f nebo jako n\u00e1sledek p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch \u017eivl\u016f zejm\u00e9na na \u00fazem\u00ed rezervac\u00ed, ale i v\u00a0ochrann\u00fdch les\u00edch s\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed intenzitou hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch z\u00e1sah\u016f (lesy ochrann\u00e9, exponovan\u00e9 skaln\u00ed v\u00fdchozy, su\u0165ov\u00e1 pole, atd).<\/p>\n

    V\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 pa\u0159ezy s\u00a0polykormony<\/strong> \u2013 jsou nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi doklady starobyl\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin. Mnoho z\u00a0nich m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l dal\u0161\u00edho pa\u0159ezov\u00e9ho zmlazen\u00ed, pokud se\u00a0s nimi bude i nad\u00e1le v\u00fdmladkov\u011b hospoda\u0159it. Jinak, jako ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017eiv\u00fd organismus, postupn\u011b st\u00e1rnou a zanikaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 prvky v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9ho lesa \u2013 HISTORICK\u00c9<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Archeologick\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky<\/strong> \u2013 jsou na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku v\u00e1z\u00e1ny na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed slo\u017eky (nalezi\u0161t\u011b trilobit\u016f v\u00a0skryjsko – t\u00fd\u0159ovick\u00e9m kambriu), anebo na pam\u00e1tky star\u00e9ho lidsk\u00e9ho os\u00eddlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkopy a valy<\/strong> \u2013 jsou zachov\u00e1ny roztrou\u0161en\u011b po K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku na hranic\u00edch majetk\u016f panstv\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b majetku obc\u00ed, selsk\u00fdch les\u016f apod. Postupem \u010dasu jsou ale st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b patrn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

    Hrani\u010dn\u00ed kameny<\/strong> \u2013 dtto hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkopy a valy.<\/p>\n

    Hrani\u010dn\u00ed stromy<\/strong> \u2013 se zachovaly zejm\u00e9na pod\u00e9l komunikac\u00ed, jako aleje. V\u00a0lesn\u00edch porostech byly b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm hospoda\u0159en\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161inou odstran\u011bny p\u0159i obnov\u011b porost\u016f.<\/p>\n

    Pov\u011bsti<\/strong> \u2013 se v\u00e1\u017eou k\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdm m\u00edst\u016fm nebo historick\u00fdm pam\u00e1tk\u00e1m, nebyly v\u0161ak v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0touto prac\u00ed hloub\u011bji zkoum\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

    Sakr\u00e1ln\u00ed objekty<\/strong> \u2013 nebyly na \u00fazem\u00ed sledovan\u00fdch objekt\u016f zji\u0161t\u011bny.<\/p>\n

    Star\u00e9 cesty a stezky<\/strong> \u2013 jsou trval\u00fdmi poz\u016fstatky \u010dinnosti lid\u00ed v\u00a0k\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsk\u00fdch les\u00edch. Jsou p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00e1z\u00e1ny na hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0les\u00edch, ve spojitosti s\u00a0v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdmi lesy pak zejm\u00e9na na dopravu d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed od mil\u00ed\u0159\u016f. Jsou jimi protk\u00e1ny v\u0161echny \u010d\u00e1sti k\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsk\u00fdch les\u016f, kde se uhl\u00ed p\u00e1lilo. Na rovin\u00e1ch a m\u00edrn\u00fdch svaz\u00edch u\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zanikly, v\u00a0prud\u0161\u00edch svaz\u00edch, kde byl jejich profil zapu\u0161t\u011bn hloub\u011bji do ter\u00e9nu, se na mnoha m\u00edstech zachovaly. Jsou v\u00a0podstat\u011b dvou kategori\u00ed. Hlavn\u00ed, dlouh\u00e9, kter\u00e9 vedou vrstevnicov\u011b anebo \u0161ikmo v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch svah\u016f, a vedlej\u0161\u00ed, kr\u00e1tk\u00e9, kter\u00e9 vedou od jednotliv\u00fdch mil\u00ed\u0159\u016f k\u00a0hlavn\u00edm. Budov\u00e1n\u00edm nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch cest pro zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed lesn\u00edch porost\u016f v\u00a0p\u0159edminul\u00e9m a minul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed byly n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017eit\u00e9 pro trasy nov\u00fdch cest, na jin\u00fdch m\u00edstech jsou nov\u00fdmi cestami pouze p\u0159etnuty a zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 profily dodnes.<\/p>\n

    Technick\u00e9 objekty<\/strong> \u2013 jsou v\u00a0k\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsk\u00fdch les\u00edch zejm\u00e9na \u201eplata po mil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch\u201c, na kter\u00fdch se po stalet\u00ed p\u00e1lilo d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 uhl\u00ed. Plata jsou patrn\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na na svaz\u00edch, kde jsou zapu\u0161t\u011bna hloub\u011bji do p\u016fdn\u00edho profilu. I u mil\u00ed\u0159\u016f lze podle velikosti plat dodnes rozli\u0161it hlavn\u00ed a vedlej\u0161\u00ed podle toho, z\u00a0jak\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti k\u00a0nim gravitovala d\u0159evn\u00ed hmota. Plata po mil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed plo\u0161n\u011b po k\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsk\u00fdch les\u00edch a nalezneme je i na t\u011bch nejnep\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstech v\u00a0prudk\u00fdch svaz\u00edch nad \u0159ekou Berounkou i nad jej\u00edmi bo\u010dn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edtoky. Jsou tak nezpochybniteln\u00fdm d\u016fkazem ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsk\u00fdch les\u016f \u010dinnost\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka po mnoho stolet\u00ed s\u00a0d\u016fsledky prom\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00edmi se a\u017e do sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu lesn\u00edch porost\u016f. Je to zejm\u00e9na zm\u011bna druhov\u00e9 skladby ve prosp\u011bch d\u0159evin s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed schopnost\u00ed pa\u0159ezov\u00e9 v\u00fdmladnosti, ale i v\u011bkov\u00e9 a prostorov\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed lesn\u00edch porost\u016f. Bez nads\u00e1zky lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku dnes neexistuje hektar lesn\u00edho porostu, kter\u00fd by bylo mo\u017eno ozna\u010dit za \u201ep\u016fvodn\u00ed, \u010dlov\u011bkem neovlivn\u011bn\u00fd\u201c.<\/p>\n

    Zbytky plu\u017einy<\/strong> \u2013 se v\u00a0komplexu k\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsk\u00fdch les\u016f objevuj\u00ed v\u00a0m\u00edstech, kde se v\u00a0minulosti po ur\u010ditou dobu pola\u0159ilo. Bylo to zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti dnes ji\u017e zanikl\u00fdch s\u00eddel. Z\u00a0evidovan\u00fdch lokalit se to bl\u00ed\u017ee dot\u00fdk\u00e1 pouze lokality \u201eBrtva\u201c, kde m\u011bla podle pov\u011bsti le\u017eet zanikl\u00e1 osada.<\/p>\n

    Stru\u010dn\u00e1 charakteristika lokalit<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Beran\u00edk \u2013 <\/strong>soubor star\u00fdch listnat\u00fdch porost\u016f na prav\u00e9m b\u0159ehu potoka Klucn\u00e1. Nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se zde \u017eiv\u00e9 i odum\u0159el\u00e9 polykormony v\u00a0d\u0159evin\u00e1ch dub, habr, javor, v\u00a0jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b i B\u0159ek. Cenn\u00e9 jsou zachoval\u00e9 plo\u0161iny po mil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch a s\u00ed\u0165 star\u00fdch cest, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily k\u00a0v\u00fdvozu d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed. Lokalita je jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1vrh\u016f na\u00a0um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed Demonstra\u010dn\u00edho objektu a zalo\u017een\u00ed uk\u00e1zek pa\u0159ezinov\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Dlouh\u00fd H\u0159eben \u2013 <\/strong>typick\u00e1 uk\u00e1zka star\u00fdch neprav\u00fdch kmenovin na prav\u00e9m b\u0159ehu potoka Klucn\u00e1. Jsou zde zachoval\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 polykormony a zejm\u00e9na s\u00ed\u0165 mil\u00ed\u0159ov\u00fdch plat, v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch kask\u00e1du, v\u010detn\u011b poz\u016fstatk\u016f star\u00fdch cest. Dal\u0161\u00ed lokalita s\u00a0n\u00e1vrhem na um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed uk\u00e1zky Demonstra\u010dn\u00edho objektu.<\/p>\n

    Hrobce \u2013 <\/strong>dubobukov\u00fd porost nad silnic\u00ed Karlova Ves \u2013 Karlov na vys\u00fdchav\u00e9m stanovi\u0161ti s\u00a0absenc\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 obnovy. Zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed jsou \u010detn\u00e9 bukov\u00e9 polykormony a evidovan\u00fd doupn\u00fd strom s\u00a0dutinou po datlu \u010dern\u00e9m. I zde jsou plata po mil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch. Porost je rozpracov\u00e1n pro p\u0159irozenou obnovu.<\/p>\n

    Mok\u0159inka <\/strong>\u2013 porost na vrcholu kopce s \u010detn\u00fdmi star\u00fdmi v\u00fdstavky. Exponovan\u00e9 stanovi\u0161t\u011b, t\u011b\u017eebn\u011b bez z\u00e1sahu. Plata po mil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n

    Prachovi\u0161t\u011b \u2013 <\/strong>p\u0159eva\u017euje neprav\u00e1 kmenovina se zbytky star\u00fdch polykormon\u016f \u2013 n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9, jin\u00e9 ve stadiu rozpadu. Plata po mil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n

    Pranty \u2013 <\/strong>ochrann\u00e9 lesy na prav\u00e9m b\u0159ehu Berounky. Navazuj\u00ed na lokalitu Prachovi\u0161t\u011b a t\u00e1hnou se a\u017e k\u00a0Luhu pod obc\u00ed Branov. Cel\u00e1 lokalita nese stopy pa\u0159ezinov\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0minulosti. Krom\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch, ustupuj\u00edc\u00edch i odum\u0159el\u00fdch polykormon\u016f je lokalita zpest\u0159ena v\u00fdskytem tisu \u010derven\u00e9ho. I u n\u011bj n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jedinci nesou znaky t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch z\u00e1sah\u016f. V\u00a0severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti je archeologick\u00e1 pam\u00e1tka, kter\u00e9 se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201ePropaden\u00fd z\u00e1mek\u201c. Lesy zde pln\u00ed p\u016fdoochrannou funkci a v\u00a0podstat\u011b se v\u00a0nich nehospoda\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Sedla \u2013 <\/strong>neprav\u00e1 kmenovina s\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdmi v\u00fdstavky a platy po mil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n

    Star\u00fd Kou\u0159imec<\/strong> \u2013 lokalita zahrnuje \u010d\u00e1st NPR Velk\u00e1 Ple\u0161 a p\u0159es Brtvu sah\u00e1 a\u017e k\u00a0\u0159ece Berounce. Je cenn\u00e1 velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm \u017eiv\u00fdch i rozpadaj\u00edc\u00edch se polykormon\u016f, z\u00a0nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b vykazuj\u00ed schopnost pa\u0159ezov\u00e9 v\u00fdmladnosti. Jsou tu i \u010detn\u00e1 plata po mil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch, kter\u00e1 dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed lidskou \u010dinnost po \u0159adu stolet\u00ed. Na Brtv\u011b jsou d\u00e1le stopy po zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, lome\u010dek, i zn\u00e1mky star\u00fdch cest. K\u00a0Brtv\u011b se nav\u00edc vztahuje pov\u011bst o zanikl\u00e9 st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 osad\u011b.<\/p>\n

    \u0160tulec<\/strong> \u2013 je nevelk\u00e1, ale cenn\u00e1 lokalita dokl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed pa\u0159ezov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku. Star\u00e9 v\u00fdstavky, polykormony, plata po mil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch i zbytky star\u00fdch cest jsou sv\u011bdky lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v\u00a0minulosti.<\/p>\n

    Valach<\/strong> \u2013 je obdobn\u00e1 lokalita jako \u0160tulec s\u00a0uk\u00e1zkou schopnosti zmlazen\u00ed z\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 mrtv\u00e9ho pa\u0159ezu po rozpadl\u00e9m polykormonu. Tento jedinec je navr\u017een k\u00a0oplocen\u00ed a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed jeho dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje s\u00a0omezen\u00edm vlivu zv\u011b\u0159e.<\/p>\n

    V\u00fdr\u00e1k<\/strong> \u2013 lokalita tvo\u0159en\u00e1 nepravou kmenovinou dubu se zbytky polykormon\u016f, mil\u00ed\u0159ov\u00fdch plo\u0161in a propojovac\u00edch cest.<\/p>\n

    Vysok\u00fd Tok<\/strong> \u2013 lokalita v\u00a0horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Mlyn\u00e1\u0159ova luhu, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed stejnojmennou PR a porosty neprav\u00fdch kmenovin dubu t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed se a\u017e k\u00a0m\u00edst\u016fm, kter\u00fdm se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Rande. Na \u010detn\u00fdch plo\u0161in\u00e1ch mil\u00ed\u0159\u016f lze nal\u00e9zt zbytky d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed z\u00a0dob, kdy tyto mil\u00ed\u0159e je\u0161t\u011b plnili svoji funkci.<\/p>\n

    Dubinky <\/strong>\u2013 je prvn\u00ed velkou lokalitou, v\u00a0kter\u00e9 nebyl ud\u011blan\u00fd podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fzkum. Le\u017e\u00ed na rev\u00edru Skryje a zahrnuje \u010d\u00e1st PR Skryjsk\u00e1 jez\u00edrka a vrchy Dubinky a Str\u00e1\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. Cel\u00e1 oblast je protk\u00e1na s\u00edt\u00ed mil\u00ed\u0159ov\u00fdch plat i mnoha cesti\u010dkami, kter\u00e9 je spojovaly.<\/p>\n

    Oupo\u0159 <\/strong>\u2013 je rozlehlou lokalitou na rev\u00edrech Bu\u0161ohrad a Skryje, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed NPR T\u00fd\u0159ov a p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 porosty s charakterem les\u016f pa\u0159ezov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. Na t\u00e9to lokalit\u011b le\u017e\u00ed mnoho v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch lokalit starobyl\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin. Archeologickou pam\u00e1tkou je z\u0159\u00edcenina hradu T\u00fd\u0159ov, ke kter\u00e9mu vede n\u011bkolik zanikl\u00fdch, ale dosud dob\u0159e patrn\u00fdch, historick\u00fdch \u00favozov\u00fdch cest.<\/p>\n

    \u017dloukava <\/strong>\u2013 je dal\u0161\u00ed velkou lokalitou, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na rev\u00edru Pust\u00e1 Se\u010d. Zahrnuje porosty tvo\u0159en\u00e9 neprav\u00fdmi kmenovinami, ale i porosty s\u00a0v\u00fdskytem \u017eiv\u00fdch polykormon\u016f. Jako v\u00a0jin\u00fdch oblastech K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tska jsou i tady zachoval\u00e9 plo\u0161iny po mil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n

    Budoucnost pa\u0159ezin na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Budeme-li uva\u017eovat o znovuzaveden\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9ho nebo sdru\u017een\u00e9ho lesa, bude nutn\u00e9 naj\u00edt k\u00a0tomu d\u016fvody.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. ekonomika<\/strong> \u2013 je \u00fakolem pro ekonomy, aby zjistili, jestli je pa\u0159ezina (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b les sdru\u017een\u00fd) ekonomicky v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a za jak\u00fdch podm\u00ednek by st\u00e1lo za to uva\u017eovat o jejich znovuzaveden\u00ed. Proto\u017ee p\u0159est\u00e1rl\u00e9 pa\u0159eziny u\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ztratily schopnost zmladit se z\u00a0pa\u0159ez\u016f, je jedin\u00fdm mo\u017en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zalo\u017een\u00ed nov\u00e9 pa\u0159eziny \u201eob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c vhodn\u00e9ho porostu semenn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. Proveden\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby ve v\u011bku okolo 50 let d\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017enost zmlazen\u00ed pa\u0159ez\u016f, obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017e by se pak prov\u00e1d\u011blo jako v pa\u0159ezin\u00e1ch. Zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed hodnoty p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b sm\u00fdcen\u00e9ho porostu ale z\u0159ejm\u011b zna\u010dn\u011b zat\u00ed\u017e\u00ed kalkulaci a ekonomickou opodstatn\u011bnost takov\u00e9ho postupu.<\/li>\n
    2. ekologie<\/strong> – po\u017eadavky ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed specifick\u00fdch biotop\u016f. P\u0159edstava n\u011bkter\u00fdch ochr\u00e1nc\u016f p\u0159\u00edrody o pa\u0159ezov\u00e9m hospoda\u0159en\u00ed je pr\u00e1v\u011b vidina star\u00fdch mezernat\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin s\u00a0bohat\u00fdm bylinn\u00fdm podrostem a s mno\u017estv\u00edm dutin pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy ptactva. Neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed si ale, \u017ee v\u00a0t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech u\u017e se v\u016fbec nejedn\u00e1 o pa\u0159ezinov\u00e9 hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, ale o pa\u0159eziny, v\u00a0kter\u00fdch se p\u0159ed mnoha lety hospoda\u0159it p\u0159estalo. Unik\u00e1 jim tak\u00e9, \u017ee prav\u00e9 pa\u0159ezov\u00e9 hospoda\u0159en\u00ed je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejintenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0lese.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      V\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy naroste mlad\u00fd les semenn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00a0n\u011bm lesn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159 d\u011blat v\u00fdchovn\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy pro doc\u00edlen\u00ed stability, \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed druhov\u00e9 skladby a kvality budouc\u00edch m\u00fdtn\u00edch porost\u016f. Ve stejn\u00e9m v\u011bku se v\u00a0pa\u0159ezinov\u00e9m hospoda\u0159en\u00ed provede prakticky holose\u010dn\u00e1 obnovn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba se v\u0161emi \u201enegativn\u00edmi\u201c d\u016fsledky holiny.<\/p>\n

      V\u00a0takov\u00fdch porostech do\u010dasn\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zanik\u00e1 bylinn\u00e9 patro, proto\u017ee mlad\u00e9 porosty vznikl\u00e9 pa\u0159ezovou v\u00fdmladnost\u00ed se velice rychle zapoj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      P\u0159ednost spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0zachov\u00e1n\u00ed genofondu jednotliv\u00fdch strom\u016f \u010dasto v\u00edce ne\u017e n\u011bkolik stolet\u00ed \u2013 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 neprav\u00e9 kmenoviny ve v\u011bku 170 let mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159es pa\u0159ezy sv\u00fdch \u201erodi\u010d\u016f\u201c star\u00e9 p\u0159es 200 let a jsou zaru\u010den\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Uk\u00e1zky r\u016fzn\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f hospoda\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> – z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch nebo nau\u010dn\u00fdch se\u00a0s\u00a0t\u00edm na \u00fazem\u00ed Lesnick\u00e9ho parku K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsko po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1.<\/li>\n
      2. Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed poz\u016fstatk\u016f historick\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed jako kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f <\/strong>\u2013 i to je d\u016fvod pro jejich zachov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed LPK.<\/li>\n
      3. Hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0les\u00edch s\u00a0funkc\u00ed p\u016fdoochrannou<\/strong>. M\u00fdcen\u00ed v\u00a0mlad\u00e9m v\u011bku zabra\u0148uje vzniku disproporce mezi hmotou ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a hmotou nadzemn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti stromu, ke kter\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u011bkem. Mlad\u00e9 porosty jsou tak stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed l\u00e9pe p\u016fdoochrannou funkci i na extr\u00e9mn\u011b ohro\u017een\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch.<\/li>\n
      4. Les sdru\u017een\u00fd <\/strong>– je ur\u010dit\u00fdm kompromisem mezi lesem vysok\u00fdm a lesem n\u00edzk\u00fdm a nech\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdhody obou t\u011bchto tvar\u016f lesa. Na \u00fazem\u00ed lesnick\u00e9ho parku ani na ostatn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tska nen\u00ed v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zachov\u00e1n klasick\u00fd les sdru\u017een\u00fd, v\u00a0kter\u00e9m by se jako v\u00a0lese sdru\u017een\u00e9m hospoda\u0159ilo. Porost\u016f s\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00edm et\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se tu najde hodn\u011b a n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich tvar lesa st\u0159edn\u00edho p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Na \u00fazem\u00ed LPK i v\u00a0jeho \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm okol\u00ed se zachovalo mnoho porost\u016f, kter\u00e9 nesou znaky starobyl\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin a n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich lze ozna\u010dit jako \u201ev\u00fdznamn\u00e9 lokality\u201c starobyl\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin. Jsou p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou doby, kdy k\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsk\u00e9 lesy poskytovaly ve form\u011b d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed energii, nezbytnou k provozu skl\u00e1ren a hut\u00ed. Zapsaly se tak hluboko do historie k\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsk\u00fdch les\u016f, i do osudu lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0t\u011bchto les\u00edch na\u0161li pr\u00e1ci a ob\u017eivu.<\/p>\n

        Pa\u0159eziny jsou produktem specifick\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0listnat\u00fdch porostech a jsou na n\u011bm bytostn\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e9. Jako ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017eiv\u00fd organismus maj\u00ed sv\u016fj po\u010d\u00e1tek, \u017eivot a konec. C\u00edlen\u00fdmi hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi z\u00e1sahy je ale mo\u017en\u00e9 jejich z\u00e1nik periodicky oddalovat a prodlu\u017eovat tak \u017eivot jedinc\u016f na stovky let. Bez z\u00e1sahu \u010dlov\u011bka zanikaj\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0pa\u0159ezin\u00e1ch je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejintenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0les\u00edch. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed stupe\u0148 ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody, jako je NPR, anebo\u00a0 NP s\u00a0bezz\u00e1sahov\u00fdm re\u017eimem, je pro pa\u0159eziny paradoxn\u011b nejhor\u0161\u00ed alternativou. Ponech\u00e1n\u00ed les\u016f p\u0159irozen\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji znamen\u00e1 z\u00e1nik tohoto tvaru lesa.<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed pa\u0159ezin, jako kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f, navrhuje LPK v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u201eDemonstra\u010dn\u00edho objektu\u201c, v\u00a0r\u00e1mci kter\u00e9ho by se na n\u011bkolika vybran\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch hospoda\u0159ilo jako v\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00e9m, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b sdru\u017een\u00e9m lese.<\/p>\n

        Pozn.: ps\u00e1no v roce 2015 (autor: M. Pecha)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Historie pa\u0159ezin na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku Prvn\u00ed stopy n\u00edzk\u00fdch les\u016f se v\u00a0historick\u00fdch p\u00edsemnostech objevuj\u00ed ji\u017e v\u00a013. a 14. stolet\u00ed pod r\u016fzn\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy \u2013 chvrasti, porostliny, lesy \u017eiv\u00e9 a podobn\u011b. Ze Sme\u010densk\u00e9ho urb\u00e1\u0159e z\u00a0roku 1604 se dov\u00edd\u00e1me, \u017ee \u201etu byly v\u011bt\u0161inou lesy listnat\u00e9 s duby, b\u0159\u00edzami, osikami a buky, mnoho h\u00e1j\u016f bylo v\u0161ak \u010dist\u011b dubov\u00fdch\u201c, kter\u00e9 se \u201esmej\u010dily\u201c … <\/p>\n

        Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed „Lesnick\u00fd park K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsko“<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-613","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLesnick\u00fd park K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsko - Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy, jejich v\u00fdznam a udr\u017eitelnost v\u00a0kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/lp-krivoklatsko\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lesnick\u00fd park K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsko - Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy, jejich v\u00fdznam a udr\u017eitelnost v\u00a0kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Historie pa\u0159ezin na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku Prvn\u00ed stopy n\u00edzk\u00fdch les\u016f se v\u00a0historick\u00fdch p\u00edsemnostech objevuj\u00ed ji\u017e v\u00a013. a 14. stolet\u00ed pod r\u016fzn\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy \u2013 chvrasti, porostliny, lesy \u017eiv\u00e9 a podobn\u011b. 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