{"id":532,"date":"2017-01-16T15:44:45","date_gmt":"2017-01-16T14:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/?page_id=532"},"modified":"2017-02-02T15:14:42","modified_gmt":"2017-02-02T14:14:42","slug":"hodoninska-dubrava","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/hodoninska-dubrava\/","title":{"rendered":"Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e1 D\u00fabrava"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e1 D\u00fabrava je lesn\u00ed komplex o plo\u0161e cca 3\u00a0000 ha na rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 eolick\u00e9 pravob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed terase \u0159eky Moravy mezi obcemi Hodon\u00edn, Mut\u011bnice, Dub\u0148any a Rat\u00ed\u0161kovice. \u010c\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed do NPP Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e1 D\u00fabrava (vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena 2014, rozloha 680 ha).<\/p>\n

Lokalita pat\u0159\u00ed Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e9ho bioregionu zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed kysel\u00fdch v\u00e1t\u00fdch p\u00edsk\u016f s vlhk\u00fdmi depresemi (Culek et al. 1996). Charakter \u00fazem\u00ed a jemu odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed biota tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00fd kontrast s okoln\u00edmi bioregiony. Jedn\u00e1 se o nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblast v\u00e1t\u00fdch p\u00edsk\u016f v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice a rostou zde nejv\u00edce acidofiln\u00ed spole\u010denstva na\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Panonie.<\/p>\n

Reli\u00e9f je ploch\u00fd a\u017e m\u00edrn\u011b zvln\u011bn\u00fd, s\u00a0\u010dlenitost\u00ed max. 25 m a tedy charakteru plo\u0161iny a\u017e ploch\u00e9 pahorkatiny. Je v detailu \u010dlen\u011bn\u00fd jen kruhovit\u00fdmi a\u017e prot\u00e1hl\u00fdmi dunami (tzv. hr\u00fady) dosahuj\u00edc\u00edmi v\u00a0hodon\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti v\u00fd\u0161ky 1,5 \u2013 2 m a mezidunov\u00fdmi depresemi (tzv. mlaky), kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto vlhk\u00e9 a\u017e mokr\u00e9. Geomorfologicky lokalita le\u017e\u00ed v Rat\u00ed\u0161kovick\u00e9 pahorkatin\u011b v\u00a0oblasti Dyjskomoravsk\u00e9 pahorkatiny, v podsoustav\u011b Jihomoravsk\u00e9 p\u00e1nve, v\u00a0soustav\u011b V\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 p\u00e1nve, v Panonsk\u00e9 provincii (Demek et\u00a0al. 2006).<\/p>\n

Geologick\u00e9 podlo\u017e\u00ed je tvo\u0159eno kvart\u00e9rn\u00edmi, m\u00edrn\u011b kysel\u00fdmi, k\u0159emit\u00fdmi v\u00e1t\u00fdmi p\u00edsky, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0podlo\u017e\u00ed st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ny bazick\u00fdmi j\u00edlovit\u00fdmi, nepropustn\u00fdmi sedimenty terci\u00e9ru (pont). V\u00e1t\u00e9 p\u00edsky tvo\u0159\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pokryvy, m\u00edsty ale i syst\u00e9my dun ve\u00a0sm\u011bru S-J. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed typu jsou mal\u00e9 vyv\u00e1t\u00e9 deprese, kter\u00e9 byly p\u016fvodn\u011b podm\u00e1\u010den\u00e9 a nyn\u00ed jsou \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vyschl\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Geopedologick\u00e9 faktory lokality maj\u00ed na mnoha m\u00edstech velmi strm\u00fd gradient: rychle se st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed dle mocnosti vrstev p\u00edsku a j\u00edlu, r\u016fzn\u00e9 vlhkosti a t\u00edm se rychle m\u011bn\u00ed i tepeln\u00fd re\u017eim p\u016fdy. Z\u00a0t\u011bchto uveden\u00fdch faktor\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 velk\u00e1 rozmanitost stanovi\u0161\u0165 i na mal\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch, resp. rychl\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b vlhk\u00fdch a r\u016fznou m\u011brou b\u00e1zemi ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch p\u016fd, \u010demu\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 i vysok\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita. D\u00edky strm\u00e9mu gradientu edafick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek mikrobiotop\u016f je zde tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9\u00a0nal\u00e9zt zcela v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 kombinace druh\u016f.<\/p>\n

Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed vegetac\u00ed jsou zde panonsk\u00e9 teplomiln\u00e9 doubravy na p\u00edsku (subkontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed ost\u0159icov\u00e1 doubrava, asociace Carici fritschii<\/em>–<\/em>Quercetum roboris<\/em>), na mal\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch se vyskytuj\u00ed kysel\u00e9 doubravy (svaz Genisto germanicae<\/em>–<\/em>Quercion, <\/em>asociace Festuco<\/em>–<\/em>Quercetum<\/em>). Maloplo\u0161n\u011b rostou na vlh\u010d\u00edch m\u00edstech a s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm pod\u00edlem hlinit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b i\u00a0netypick\u00e9 (ochuzen\u00e9) panonsk\u00e9 dubohab\u0159iny (asociace Primulo veris<\/em>–<\/em>Carpinetum<\/em>). V\u00a0mokr\u00fdch hlub\u0161\u00edch mezidunov\u00fdch sn\u00ed\u017eenin\u00e1ch byla vyvinuta vegetace svazu Alnion glutinosae<\/em> (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm asociace Carici elongatae<\/em>–<\/em>Alnetum<\/em>), v\u00a0n\u00e1znaku i\u00a0svaz Betulion pubescentis<\/em> na okraj\u00edch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch a nejhlub\u0161\u00edch sn\u00ed\u017eenin. V\u00a0okrajov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017ee nivy Kyjovky byly vyvinuty netypick\u00e9 luhy asociace Pado-Fraxinetum<\/em> s\u00a0dominantn\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm ol\u0161e lepkav\u00e9 a nikoliv jasanu. Alespo\u0148 lok\u00e1ln\u011b bylo v\u00a0minulosti na organogenn\u00edch substr\u00e1tech vyvinuto prim\u00e1rn\u00ed bezles\u00ed (komplex mok\u0159adn\u00ed a\u00a0slatino-ra\u0161elinn\u00e9 vegetace).<\/p>\n

Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed vegetace je proti potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b zm\u011bn\u011bna. P\u0159irozen\u00e1 vegetace z\u016fstala ve fragmentech zachov\u00e1na v\u00a0jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed. Ji\u017en\u011b od silnice Hodon\u00edn-Mut\u011bnice je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm typem sou\u010dasn\u00e9 vegetace typ panonsk\u00fdch teplomiln\u00fdch doubrav na p\u00edsku. Tyto\u00a0doubravy maj\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice velmi malou rozlohu, av\u0161ak pat\u0159\u00ed mezi druhov\u011b nejbohat\u0161\u00ed lesn\u00ed biotopy u n\u00e1s s\u00a0vysokou \u00farovn\u00ed biodiverzity. Obdobou jsou mal\u00e9 rozlohy t\u011bchto doubrav na Z\u00e1horsk\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017ein\u011b a v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Ma\u010farsku.<\/p>\n

Lesn\u00ed spole\u010denstva subkontinent\u00e1ln\u00edch ost\u0159icov\u00fdch doubrav jsou archaick\u00fdm typem lesa s\u00a0odhadovan\u00fdm vznikem v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b star\u00e9ho holoc\u00e9nu (asi 8\u00a0500 \u2013 7 000 p\u0159. n. l.). Nalezneme je na\u00a0rovinat\u00fdch ter\u00e9nech, s hlubok\u00fdmi, dob\u0159e miner\u00e1ln\u011b z\u00e1soben\u00fdmi p\u016fdami,\u00a0 obvykle do r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00edry ilimerizovan\u00fdmi, ve spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti p\u016fdn\u00edho profilu \u010dasto se stopami oglejen\u00ed a\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b oglejen\u00e9. Jedn\u00e1 se o porosty s\u00a0velmi bohat\u00fdm bylinn\u00fdm patrem a n\u00e1vaznou bohatou entomofaunou, s\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00fdm zakmen\u011bn\u00edm stromov\u00e9ho patra, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 p\u016fvod ve v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9m hospoda\u0159en\u00ed a v kter\u00e9m zcela dominuje dub letn\u00ed. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm prvkem subkontinent\u00e1ln\u00edch doubrav jsou druhy st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b vlhk\u00fdch p\u016fd, jako bukvice l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 (Betonica<\/em> officinalis<\/em>), mochna b\u00edl\u00e1 (Potentilla<\/em> alba<\/em>), ost\u0159ice horsk\u00e1 (Carex<\/em> montana<\/em>), srpice barv\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e1 (Serratula<\/em> tinctoria<\/em>) nebo sv\u00edzel severn\u00ed (Galium<\/em> boreale<\/em>) a tak\u00e9 cel\u00e1 \u0159ada druh\u016f, rostouc\u00edch b\u011b\u017en\u011b na louk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

D\u016fvody degradace a z\u00e1niku t\u011bchto lesn\u00edch spole\u010denstev jsou absence tradi\u010dn\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f prosv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed jako lesn\u00ed pastva, pa\u0159ezen\u00ed, degrada\u010dn\u00ed procesy podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 lidsk\u00fdmi vlivy, zejm\u00e9na eutrofizace v d\u016fsledku antropogenn\u00edho spadu slou\u010denin dus\u00edku. Pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed subkontinent\u00e1ln\u00edch doubrav je nutn\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed st\u00ednomiln\u00fdch d\u0159evin a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btl\u00fdch porost\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se o velmi cenn\u00e1 a sukcesn\u011b labiln\u00ed spole\u010denstva sv\u011btl\u00fdch n\u00ed\u017einn\u00fdch les\u016f, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed ochranu mimo jin\u00e9 pro vazbu \u0159ady ohro\u017een\u00fdch sv\u011btlomiln\u00fdch druh\u016f rostlin a \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f na toto prost\u0159ed\u00ed (Role\u010dek 2007).<\/p>\n

Fl\u00f3ra \u00fazem\u00ed Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e9 Doubravy je velmi pestr\u00e1, zastoupeny jsou zde druhy subatlantsk\u00e9, boreo\u2013kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed, submediter\u00e1nn\u00ed, ponticko\u2013jihosibi\u0159sk\u00e9, panonsk\u00e9 a perialpinsk\u00e9. V m\u00edstech s pod\u00edlem hlinit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic se vyskytuj\u00ed indika\u010dn\u00ed druhy dubohab\u0159in. Velmi specifick\u00fd charakter m\u011bly d\u0159\u00edve roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 slatinn\u00e9 ol\u0161iny v mokr\u00fdch mezidunov\u00fdch sn\u00ed\u017eenin\u00e1ch dubov\u00fdch les\u016f. Vysych\u00e1n\u00edm a poklesem hladiny spodn\u00ed vody tato vegetace zcela ustupuje.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0roce 2014 zde bylo nalezeno celkem 671 taxon\u016f (druh\u016f a poddruh\u016f) c\u00e9vnat\u00fdch rostlin. Z toho je 92 d\u0159evin, ostatn\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed mezi byliny. Podle posledn\u00ed verze publikovan\u00e9ho \u010derven\u00e9ho seznamu kv\u011bteny \u010cR (Grulich 2012) bylo v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed NPP nalezeno 139 taxon\u016f v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9m stupni ohro\u017een\u00fdch: C1: 11 taxon\u016f, C2: 24 taxon\u016f, C3: 48 taxon\u016f a C4: 56 taxon\u016f.<\/p>\n

Podle Vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky 395 Sb. k\u00a0z\u00e1konu 114\/1992 ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f roste v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed celkem 37 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch druh\u016f: 10 v kategorii KO, 10 SO, 17 ohro\u017een\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0celkov\u00e9 plochy (asi 3000 ha) Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e9 D\u00fabravy n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed odhadem asi 400 ha les\u016f starobyl\u00e9ho typu. Jedn\u00e1 se v\u0161ak o porosty velmi r\u016fzn\u00e9 kvality a stupn\u011b zachovalosti. Mnoh\u00e9 z\u00a0nich jsou po\u0161kozeny n\u00ed\u017ee popsan\u00fdmi negativn\u00edmi jevy (biotick\u00fdmi), n\u011bkter\u00e9 evidentn\u011b antropick\u00fdmi, tedy hospod\u00e1\u0159skou \u010dinnost\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. Velk\u00e1 plocha t\u011bchto les\u016f byla b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch 50 let p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bna na monokultury dubu letn\u00edho s\u00a0n\u00edzkou druhovou diverzitou bylinn\u00e9ho patra a recentn\u00edm n\u00e1stupem nitrofyt\u016f p\u0159\u00edp. invazn\u00edch druh\u016f, a \u010d\u00e1st tot\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159evedena na borov\u00e9 monokultury, v\u00a0hor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed l\u00edpy srd\u010dit\u00e9. Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st lesn\u00edho komplexu ji\u017en\u011b od silnice Hodon\u00edn-Mut\u011bnice je nejv\u00edce zachoval\u00e1 (v\u010detn\u011b vysok\u00e9 druhov\u00e9 diverzity bylinn\u00e9ho patra) s\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi plochami starobyl\u00fdch les\u016f, kde\u017eto ve Zbrodsk\u00e9m lese a d\u00e1le k\u00a0obci Dub\u0148any a Rat\u00ed\u0161kovice jsou starobyl\u00e9 lesy v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu zachov\u00e1ny jen ve fragmentech (viz mapa). V\u00a0t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti je druhov\u00e1 diverzita bylinn\u00e9ho patra nesrovnateln\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0\u010d\u00e1sti hodon\u00ednsk\u00e9 a bylinn\u00e9 patro je znateln\u011b po\u0161kozeno ruderalizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/a>
Vymezen\u00e9 lokality lesa v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu v Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e9 D\u00fabrav\u011b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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V\u00fdskyt v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch prvk\u016f je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed. Dendrotelmy se objevuj\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u011b, doupn\u00e9 stromy velmi vz\u00e1cn\u011b, ekotonov\u00e1 spole\u010denstva okraj\u016f \u010dast\u011bji, hlavat\u00e9 stromy v\u016fbec. D\u00e1le lze nal\u00e9zt prav\u00e9 lesn\u00ed druhy rostlin, sv\u011btliny, v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 polykormony \u010di v\u00fdstavky.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch prvk\u016f historick\u00fdch lze nal\u00e9zt hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkopy a valy, hrani\u010dn\u00ed stromy, sakr\u00e1ln\u00ed objekty \u010di star\u00e9 cesty a stezky.<\/p>\n

<\/a>
Hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkop v Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e9 D\u00fabrav\u011b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Ve v\u00fdsledn\u00e9m hodnocen\u00ed spad\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st plochy do kategorie starobyl\u00fdch pa\u0159ezin a \u010d\u00e1st mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 starobyl\u00e9 pa\u0159eziny.<\/p>\n

Mezi negativn\u00ed vlivy p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na lokalit\u011b lze za\u0159adit destruk\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost st\u00e1d prasete divok\u00e9ho. Proti tomuto siln\u00e9mu tlaku, kter\u00fd zcela z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed strukturu, druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed bylinn\u00e9ho patra a decimuje i populace samotn\u00fdch ZCHdr (p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f ochrany) je t\u0159eba aktivn\u011b bojovat. Nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti NPP byly oploceny z\u00a0prost\u0159edk\u016f AOPK \u010cR. \u010cinnost prasete divok\u00e9ho je startovac\u00edm bodem pro n\u00e1slednou negativn\u00ed sukcesi, naru\u0161en\u00e1 m\u00edsta jsou velmi rychle atakov\u00e1na zprvu jednolet\u00fdmi a pozd\u011bji vytrval\u00fdmi invazn\u00edmi druhy bylin.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm negativem je eutrofizace imisemi N s\u00a0n\u00e1sledkem dal\u0161\u00ed ruderalizace a degradace bylinn\u00e9ho patra.<\/p>\n

Za negativn\u00ed vliv lze pova\u017eovat dlouhodob\u011b trvaj\u00edc\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00e9 tuto lokalitu postupn\u011b p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na kulturn\u00ed les, s\u00a0vysok\u00fdm pod\u00edlem ciz\u00edch d\u0159evin (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm BO, ale i LP, JVM), v\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b na vysokokmenn\u00e9, jednodruhov\u00e9, stejnov\u011bk\u00e9 DBL porosty s\u00a0n\u00edzkou diverzitou bylinn\u00e9ho patra. V\u00fdsadby LP tot\u00e1ln\u011b likviduj\u00ed druhovou diverzitu bylinn\u00e9ho patra. D\u00e1le je to naru\u0161en\u00ed \u0161irokokol\u00fdmi mechanizmy p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0porostech cenn\u00fdch doubrav-pa\u0159ezin; odkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159eva na m\u00edsta s\u00a0v\u00fdskytem ZCHdr a po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed povrchu p\u016fdy v\u00a0mlad\u00fdch v\u00fdsadb\u00e1ch. P\u0159i prob\u00edrce ponech\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed hmoty v\u00a0porostech-eutrofizace a l\u00e1kadlo pro prasata.<\/p>\n

Jako d\u016fsledek v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch vliv\u016f se zvy\u0161uje invaze d\u0159evin i bylin do druhov\u011b bohat\u00fdch porost\u016f doubrav. Nejaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed druhy: trnovn\u00edk ak\u00e1t (v\u00a059 % \u00fazem\u00ed); st\u0159emcha pozdn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se masov\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do porost\u016f (v\u00a054 % porost\u016f); javor jasanolist\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edtomen v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu segment\u016f bl\u00ed\u017ee \u00fadol\u00ed Kyjovky. Nejhor\u0161\u00ed situace je u invazn\u00edch bylin: za nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pova\u017eujeme ovs\u00edk vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd (v 78 % porost\u016f); na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b net\u00fdkavka malokv\u011bt\u00e1. Velmi intenzivn\u011b se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed posledn\u00edch 5 let zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na m\u00edstech naru\u0161en\u00fdch prasaty. Cel\u00edk obrovsk\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edtomen ve v\u00edce ne\u017e polovin\u011b porost\u016f, \u010dast\u011bji u okraj\u016f, odkud se d\u00e1le \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do sv\u011btl\u00fdch parkovit\u00fdch doubrav. Vytrval\u00fd, agresivn\u00ed druh, rozmno\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed se intenzivn\u011b vegetativn\u011b i generativn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Odklonem od tradi\u010dn\u00edho obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e9 D\u00fabrav\u011b do\u0161lo ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m v\u00a0druhov\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm bylinn\u00e9ho patra. \u017d\u00e1douc\u00ed je n\u00e1vrat ke st\u0159edn\u00edmu a n\u00edzk\u00e9mu lesu ve prosp\u011bch sv\u011btlomiln\u00fdch druh\u016f organism\u016f. Z\u00e1sahy v porostech by m\u011bly b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1ny tak, aby v\u00fdrazn\u011b nem\u011bnily mikroklimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky dan\u00e9 lokality.<\/p>\n

<\/a>
Mohutn\u00e1 pa\u0159ezov\u00e1 hlava dubu letn\u00edho<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladem managementu na lokalit\u011b by m\u011blo b\u00fdt: borov\u00e9 porosty postupn\u011b nahrazovat stanovi\u0161tn\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00edmi druhy d\u0159evin (DBL, BR, OL), up\u0159ednostnit dominanci dubu letn\u00edho ve stromov\u00e9m pat\u0159e. Postupovat maloplo\u0161n\u00fdmi obnovn\u00edmi prvky do velikosti 0,2 ha o \u0161\u00ed\u0159i paseky maxim\u00e1ln\u011b do pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky t\u011b\u017een\u00e9ho porostu, nejl\u00e9pe orientace S-J. Sna\u017eit se o\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 obnovy. Na pasece bude ponech\u00e1no 2 \u2013 5 v\u00fdstavk\u016f p\u016fvodn\u00edch d\u0159evin pro dan\u00e9 stanovi\u0161t\u011b. Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech obnovn\u00edch prvk\u016f konzultovat s\u00a0org\u00e1nem ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody. P\u0159i obnov\u011b porost\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm stanovi\u0161tn\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00ed druhy d\u0159evin, zejm\u00e9na dub letn\u00ed. P\u0159i obnov\u011b je t\u0159eba maxim\u00e1ln\u011b omezit naru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00edho povrchu vzhledem k\u00a0citlivosti bylinn\u00e9ho patra v\u010d. pojezdu technikou, pou\u017e\u00edt manu\u00e1ln\u00edch technologick\u00fdch postup\u016f. Vylou\u010dit celoplo\u0161nou p\u0159\u00edpravu p\u016fdy i p\u00e1sovou v\u00fdsadbu s\u00a0ponech\u00e1n\u00edm pa\u0159ez\u016f. T\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed i p\u011bstebn\u00ed z\u00e1sahy by m\u011bly b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bny pouze v such\u00e9m obdob\u00ed nebo po z\u00e1mrzu p\u016fdy.<\/p>\n

Ve vybran\u00fdch dubov\u00fdch porostech s\u00a0v\u00fdskytem zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch druh\u016f udr\u017eovat rozvoln\u011bn\u00fd charakter porost\u016f v\u00fdb\u011brn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Do takov\u00fdch porost\u016f pak skupinov\u011b dosazovat dub, p\u0159i respektov\u00e1n\u00ed vznikl\u00fdch sv\u011btlin. Pou\u017e\u00edvat jamkovou sadbu a s\u00edji. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obnovn\u00ed prvky ve sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch porostech uplat\u0148ovat jen ve v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 obnovu porostu zajistit jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, nesm\u00ed v\u0161ak doj\u00edt k po\u0161kozen\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f ochrany.<\/p>\n

C\u00edlov\u00fd biotop je sv\u011btl\u00fd (\u0159\u00eddk\u00fd) les v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu se sv\u011btlinami, doporu\u010den\u00e9 je vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a p\u00e9\u010de o lemov\u00e9 porosty kolem cest. Pro udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9ho zakmen\u011bn\u00ed lesa byla navr\u017eena \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 pastva, ale jej\u00ed zaveden\u00ed je spojeno s\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my. Je historicky potvrzeno, \u017ee lokalita byla pastevn\u00edm lesem, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti lesa nebyly dostupn\u00e9 pro dobytek. Pot\u00e9, co do\u0161lo ke\u00a0zna\u010dn\u00e9mu prosv\u011btlen\u00ed les\u016f, pastva a v\u00fdmladkov\u00fd zp\u016fsob hospoda\u0159en\u00ed byly ukon\u010deny. Dle p\u016fdn\u00edch sond je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee p\u016fdn\u00ed profil nebyl v\u00a0nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch porostech naru\u0161en nebo jen v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e. Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 body managementu jsou: omezov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed invazn\u00edch druh\u016f d\u0159evin a bylin a d\u016fsledn\u00e9 sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu \u010dern\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e na dan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e1 D\u00fabrava je lesn\u00ed komplex o plo\u0161e cca 3\u00a0000 ha na rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 eolick\u00e9 pravob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed terase \u0159eky Moravy mezi obcemi Hodon\u00edn, Mut\u011bnice, Dub\u0148any a Rat\u00ed\u0161kovice. \u010c\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed do NPP Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e1 D\u00fabrava (vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena 2014, rozloha 680 ha). Lokalita pat\u0159\u00ed Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e9ho bioregionu zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed kysel\u00fdch v\u00e1t\u00fdch p\u00edsk\u016f s vlhk\u00fdmi depresemi (Culek et al. 1996). Charakter \u00fazem\u00ed a … <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed „Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e1 D\u00fabrava“<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-532","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nHodon\u00ednsk\u00e1 D\u00fabrava - Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy, jejich v\u00fdznam a udr\u017eitelnost v\u00a0kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fraxinus.mendelu.cz\/vymladkovelesy\/hodoninska-dubrava\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e1 D\u00fabrava - Starobyl\u00e9 v\u00fdmladkov\u00e9 lesy, jejich v\u00fdznam a udr\u017eitelnost v\u00a0kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e1 D\u00fabrava je lesn\u00ed komplex o plo\u0161e cca 3\u00a0000 ha na rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 eolick\u00e9 pravob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed terase \u0159eky Moravy mezi obcemi Hodon\u00edn, Mut\u011bnice, Dub\u0148any a Rat\u00ed\u0161kovice. \u010c\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed do NPP Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e1 D\u00fabrava (vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena 2014, rozloha 680 ha). 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Lokalita pat\u0159\u00ed Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e9ho bioregionu zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed kysel\u00fdch v\u00e1t\u00fdch p\u00edsk\u016f s vlhk\u00fdmi depresemi (Culek et al. 1996). 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